Focus Microwaves - Noise Modules
Noise measurements allow the determination of the four Noise Parameters of a device (transistor). Focus’ Noise Modules integrate well with various third party noise receivers.
Noise Parameters: These are four numbers that fully describe the noise behaviour of an active or passive device (twoport) at a given frequency. For practical reasons we use the following quantities as Noise Parameters:
Focus’ noise parameter extraction routines leverage the PNA-X’s unique implementation
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
A RF down conversion stage might be required if the frequency of noise measured exceeds the receiver’s bandwidth. Focus offers noise modules which support down conversion for optimal speed and performance.
Hardware
Noise Measurement System
| Model | Frequency | Insertion Loss | VSWR | Min. Gain | Max. VSWR | Connector |
| NMS-2600 | up to 26.5 GHz | 0.80 dB | 1.61 | 29 for 0.8-26.5GHz | 1.8:1 | 3.5mm |
| NMS-4000 | up to 40 GHz | 0.91 dB | 1.81 | 30 for ≤26.5GHz, 29 for 26-40GHz | 2.1:1 | 2.9mm |
| NMS-5000 | up to 50 GHz | 0.99 dB | 1.8:1 |
27 for ≤26.5GHz, 27 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz |
2:1 | 2.4mm |
| NMS-6700 | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.91 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 21 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85mm |
| NMS-6700-DC* | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.9:1 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 37 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85 mm |
| NMS-75500-DC* | 50 to 75 GHz | 0.4dB | 1.2:1** | 40 for 50-75GHz | 1.6:1** | WR-15 |
| NMS-90600-DC* | 60 to 90 GHz | 0.9dB | 1.3:1** | 35 for 60-90GHz | 1.8:1** | WR-12 |
| NMS-110750-DC* | 75 to 110 GHz | 1.1dB | 1.3:1** | 36 for 75-110GHz | 1.9:1** | WR-10 |
| NMS-1701100-DC* | 110 to 170 GHz | 1.3dB | 1.4:1** | 36 for 110-170GHz | 2:1** | WR-6.5 |
* with Downconverter
** +/-10%
Graphs
Noise Parameters
Noise Circles & Stability Regions
Noise Parameters: Minimum Noise Figure / Rn / Gamma Opt / Phase of Gamma Opt
Setup
More Product Information
This model is for carrying out a high pressure noise test of individual automotive manufacturers' demands. It simulates representative high voltage noise of HV and EV.
- Single-phase 3 wire
- AC85 - 240V16A
- 50/60Hz
- DC125V16A
- Pulse: ~ 500V 50kHz (option)
Noise measurements allow the determination of the four Noise Parameters of a device (transistor). Focus’ Noise Modules integrate well with various third party noise receivers.
Noise Parameters: These are four numbers that fully describe the noise behaviour of an active or passive device (twoport) at a given frequency. For practical reasons we use the following quantities as Noise Parameters:
Focus’ noise parameter extraction routines leverage the PNA-X’s unique implementation
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
A RF down conversion stage might be required if the frequency of noise measured exceeds the receiver’s bandwidth. Focus offers noise modules which support down conversion for optimal speed and performance.
- The LL137 Series provides a focused line of illumination in a passively cooled design.
- Provides a medium intensity level of 280kLux (working distance of 75mm)
- Pre-engineered for expandability in 6” (152mm) increments up to 96” (2.44m).
- Available intensity control provides illuminance adjustability for every 6″ increment via a 0 – 10v input
Note: If only looking for white illumination, our LL167 Series provides a 74% brighter beam in a similar package.
-
High SNR mode (up to 24 dB better signal-to-noise ratio)
-
Low-noise binning mode
-
Shading correction
-
Defect pixel correction
-
Area of interest (AOI), separate AOI for auto features
-
Binning
-
Decimation
-
Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 24.4 dB)
-
Auto exposure (74 µs to 67 s)
-
Auto white balance
-
Look-up table (LUT)
-
Hue, saturation
-
Color correction
-
Local color anti-aliasing
-
Reverse X/Y
-
Deferred image transport
-
Trigger programmable, level, single, bulk, programmable delay
-
Sequence mode (changes the camera settings on the fly)
-
SIS (secure image signature, time stamp for trigger, frame count etc.)
-
Storable user sets
Scope of delivery
- Camera and IEEE 1394b cable (other configurations on request)
- Reduced dark noise levels and improved dark offset
- Improved sensitivity, including NIR response
- In-camera image pre-processing (lens shading correction, pixel correction)
- Large full well when using in-sensor binning >142Ke
- Thousands of frames per second in Partial Scan Mode (ROI)
- Multi-ROI support (up to 32 ROI) and Cycling Mode
- Advanced Sequencer functions of different features
-
High-quality construction with low-noise electrical performance
-
Kelvin version for convenient 4-point measurements
-
Replaceable coaxial probe tips, with choice of tip radii, and full electrical guard to the probe tip
-
SSMC 50 connectors
-
Ultra-low, fA and fF measurements from -65 º C to 150 º C
- SOSA Aligned
- 3U VPX Form-Factor
- Reduced SWaP applications
- Ruggedization Level 200
- 11 Radial Clock Outputs
- OpenVPX Backplane support for 1000BASE-KX or 10GBASE-KR
- Optional Chip Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) Holdover
- Optional Low Phase Noise (LPN) Analog output
- Optional secure GPS (M-code)
- Optional Timecode I/O
Bias tees with a perfect balance of RF performance and DC power handling
Auriga’s Bias Tees balance impressive RF performance with heavy-duty power handling across multiple frequency bands ranging from 100 MHz to 67 GHz. They are designed for rigorous usage without sacrificing RF performance. Only the highest-quality materials are used to minimize signal loss and enable efficient heat removal.
-
Highly stable granite base
-
Independent, coarse movement of X and Y axes, combined with easy fine adjustments
-
Re-configurable for DC, RF, mmW, FA, WLR and more
-
Full thermal range of -60°C to +300°C
-
Low-profile, straightforward design
-
Spacious top chambers for up to 12 positioners
-
Reduces electrical noise by providing a fully electromagnetically shielded, ultra-low-noise, light-tight environment
-
Enables accurate low-noise measurements of atto amperes, femtofarads and microvolts at temperatures down to -60°C
See more Key Features on Specifications & Details tab
Focus Microwaves
Focus Microwaves is a pioneering engineering company, built around the innovations of its founder Dr. Christos Tsironis who developed his first manual tuner in 1973 and is the inventor of most existing electro-mechanical tuner families. The success of Focus is based on the engineering and manufacturing skills of its highly motivated and experienced team of engineers and technicians, who have been trained and encouraged to develop new technologies. In addition, listening to our customers needs and insights helps us discover and develop new and measurement methods on an ongoing basis, relentlessly pushing the limits of what is possible.
From humble beginnings in 1988, Focus has become the main supplier of advanced Load Pull and Noise Tuner Systems. Our mission is to provide effective, reliable and innovative solutions for non-50 Ohm testing (Noise and Load Pull) of RF microwave transistors, thus enabling our customers to compete in the marketplace with better designs and to advance the understanding and knowledge of the field.
Contact Details
Focus Microwaves Inc. Main Head Office
4555 Chem. du Bois-Franc, Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1A8, Canada
Phone: +1-514-684-4554
Test & Measurement
Download Line Card
