Focus Microwaves - Noise Modules
Noise measurements allow the determination of the four Noise Parameters of a device (transistor). Focus’ Noise Modules integrate well with various third party noise receivers.
Noise Parameters: These are four numbers that fully describe the noise behaviour of an active or passive device (twoport) at a given frequency. For practical reasons we use the following quantities as Noise Parameters:
Focus’ noise parameter extraction routines leverage the PNA-X’s unique implementation
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
A RF down conversion stage might be required if the frequency of noise measured exceeds the receiver’s bandwidth. Focus offers noise modules which support down conversion for optimal speed and performance.
Hardware
Noise Measurement System
| Model | Frequency | Insertion Loss | VSWR | Min. Gain | Max. VSWR | Connector |
| NMS-2600 | up to 26.5 GHz | 0.80 dB | 1.61 | 29 for 0.8-26.5GHz | 1.8:1 | 3.5mm |
| NMS-4000 | up to 40 GHz | 0.91 dB | 1.81 | 30 for ≤26.5GHz, 29 for 26-40GHz | 2.1:1 | 2.9mm |
| NMS-5000 | up to 50 GHz | 0.99 dB | 1.8:1 |
27 for ≤26.5GHz, 27 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz |
2:1 | 2.4mm |
| NMS-6700 | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.91 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 21 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85mm |
| NMS-6700-DC* | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.9:1 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 37 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85 mm |
| NMS-75500-DC* | 50 to 75 GHz | 0.4dB | 1.2:1** | 40 for 50-75GHz | 1.6:1** | WR-15 |
| NMS-90600-DC* | 60 to 90 GHz | 0.9dB | 1.3:1** | 35 for 60-90GHz | 1.8:1** | WR-12 |
| NMS-110750-DC* | 75 to 110 GHz | 1.1dB | 1.3:1** | 36 for 75-110GHz | 1.9:1** | WR-10 |
| NMS-1701100-DC* | 110 to 170 GHz | 1.3dB | 1.4:1** | 36 for 110-170GHz | 2:1** | WR-6.5 |
* with Downconverter
** +/-10%
Graphs
Noise Parameters
Noise Circles & Stability Regions
Noise Parameters: Minimum Noise Figure / Rn / Gamma Opt / Phase of Gamma Opt
Setup
More Product Information
- Reduced dark noise levels and improved dark offset
- Improved sensitivity, including NIR response
- In-camera image pre-processing (lens shading correction, pixel correction)
- Large full well when using in-sensor binning >142Ke
- Thousands of frames per second in Partial Scan Mode (ROI)
- Multi-ROI support (up to 32 ROI) and Cycling Mode
- Advanced Sequencer functions of different features
Focus recommends TRL Calibration Kits for applications such as load pull & noise parameters. Due to high reflection and low loss, tuner S-parameter measurements represent a challenge for VNA’s, because of error term determination and coupler directivity. Long experience has taught us not to rely on other calibration techniques than TRL (Thru-Reflect-Line). The popular SOLT technique is conditionally useable, but not guaranteed, up to 4GHz. The much convenient ECal method has provided questionable and inconsistent results. Our Customers are advised to be very careful with VNA calibrations, because the whole measured data depends on that.
Because of this, and to save our customers time and doubt, Focus has developed and offers a set of precise and reliable TRL calibration kits from 0.03 to 110 GHz with the following connector types: 7/16, N, APC-7, 3.5mm, 2.9mm, 2.4mm, 1.85mm, WR-15, WR-10. Our calibration kits are compatible with all commercial network analyzers.
For more information on TRL Calibration Kits, please read the following paper on TRL Versus SOLT
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Quick and easy probe tip navigation
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Z drive can work in the same range as the chuck
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Enables higher separation gap while the DUT stays in focus
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Automatically configure and optimize performance
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24/7 operating
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Increased MTBF
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Protects the measurement setup
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Prevents involuntary mechanical contact between lens and probes
See more Key Features in Specifications & Features tab
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Highly stable granite base
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Independent, coarse movement of X and Y axes, combined with easy fine adjustments
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Re-configurable for DC, RF, mmW, FA, WLR and more
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Full thermal range of -60°C to +300°C
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Low-profile, straightforward design
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Spacious top chambers for up to 12 positioners
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Reduces electrical noise by providing a fully electromagnetically shielded, ultra-low-noise, light-tight environment
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Enables accurate low-noise measurements of atto amperes, femtofarads and microvolts at temperatures down to -60°C
See more Key Features on Specifications & Details tab
- A real-time diagnostic tool supports EMC/EMI debugging.
- Fast visualize EMC/EMI problems.
- Enables easy comparison of countermeasures before and after.
- Capable of measurement from entire products to single components.
- Factor-editor function provides correction of antenna characteristics, cable loss and preamplifier.
- User friendly compact design.
- Customer supplied spectrum and probes acceptable (Please consult)
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Best solution for high accuracy IV/CV, low-noise and 1/f measurements with PureLine, AutoGuard and next generation MicroChamber technologies
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Enables up to 5x faster time to accurate data
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Advanced 4-axis semi-automatic stage for accurate positioning and repeatable probe-to-pad contact
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RF/microwave device characterization, 1/f, WLR, FA and design debug
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Wide range of extremly performant, reliable thermal chuck systems from ATT
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Easy on-screen navigation, wafer mapping, and operation of accessories and thermal systems with Velox
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User-centered design minimizes training costs and enhances efficiency
See more Key Features on Specifications & Details tab
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Customizable sample space to fit the user’s application
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Long holding time: 100 hours for six (6) STP liter He-3 gas
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Stable He-3 pot temperature: Separate sippers for 1K pot and the charcoal sorb cooling line; +/- 0.5 mK at base temperature
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Low noise
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Multiple operation modes: He-3 cryostat can be operated without pumping the 1K pot (referred to as 4K operation mode)
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Low running costs, less vibration, less noise, reduced maintenance
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Large convenient experimental access: Up to 12 line-of-sight ISO100 ports located on perimeter of plates
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CMN calibrated thermometry on MC plate
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Operation via touch panel controller: Remote operation via ethernet interface
Simulator to reproduce various transient surge phenomena which are generated in a vehicle and required in the international standard ISO-7637-2 (2004) Standard, and evaluate the immune resistibility of the equipped electronics devices against the surge.
- ISO 7637-2 (2004) Standard compliant simulator
- Correspondent to the test for 12V/24V/42V systems in a vehicle
- Stand-alone usage per the each generator unit possible as well as the comprehensive control
- Large capacity CDN (60V/50A) available (Option)
- Up to 200A power supply possible (Option)
- Windows in Japanese applicable for the software program as well
Private standards or specifications by manufactures can be responded upon request.
Focus Microwaves
Focus Microwaves is a pioneering engineering company, built around the innovations of its founder Dr. Christos Tsironis who developed his first manual tuner in 1973 and is the inventor of most existing electro-mechanical tuner families. The success of Focus is based on the engineering and manufacturing skills of its highly motivated and experienced team of engineers and technicians, who have been trained and encouraged to develop new technologies. In addition, listening to our customers needs and insights helps us discover and develop new and measurement methods on an ongoing basis, relentlessly pushing the limits of what is possible.
From humble beginnings in 1988, Focus has become the main supplier of advanced Load Pull and Noise Tuner Systems. Our mission is to provide effective, reliable and innovative solutions for non-50 Ohm testing (Noise and Load Pull) of RF microwave transistors, thus enabling our customers to compete in the marketplace with better designs and to advance the understanding and knowledge of the field.
Contact Details
Focus Microwaves Inc. Main Head Office
4555 Chem. du Bois-Franc, Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1A8, Canada
Phone: +1-514-684-4554
Test & Measurement
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