Focus Microwaves - Noise Modules
Noise measurements allow the determination of the four Noise Parameters of a device (transistor). Focus’ Noise Modules integrate well with various third party noise receivers.
Noise Parameters: These are four numbers that fully describe the noise behaviour of an active or passive device (twoport) at a given frequency. For practical reasons we use the following quantities as Noise Parameters:
Focus’ noise parameter extraction routines leverage the PNA-X’s unique implementation
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
of the cold-source noise figure measurement technique. This specific technique requires a noise source to determine the kBG (gain-bandwidth constant) of the system and a passive mechanical tuner is used to characterize the noise receiver across both the impedance and frequency space. This step is imperative to obtain fully vector-source-corrected measurements.
A RF down conversion stage might be required if the frequency of noise measured exceeds the receiver’s bandwidth. Focus offers noise modules which support down conversion for optimal speed and performance.
Hardware
Noise Measurement System
| Model | Frequency | Insertion Loss | VSWR | Min. Gain | Max. VSWR | Connector |
| NMS-2600 | up to 26.5 GHz | 0.80 dB | 1.61 | 29 for 0.8-26.5GHz | 1.8:1 | 3.5mm |
| NMS-4000 | up to 40 GHz | 0.91 dB | 1.81 | 30 for ≤26.5GHz, 29 for 26-40GHz | 2.1:1 | 2.9mm |
| NMS-5000 | up to 50 GHz | 0.99 dB | 1.8:1 |
27 for ≤26.5GHz, 27 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz |
2:1 | 2.4mm |
| NMS-6700 | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.91 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 21 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85mm |
| NMS-6700-DC* | up to 67 GHz | 1.12 dB | 1.9:1 |
29 for ≤26.5GHz, 28.5 for 26-40GHz, 28 for 40-50GHz, 37 for 50-65GHz |
3:1 | 1.85 mm |
| NMS-75500-DC* | 50 to 75 GHz | 0.4dB | 1.2:1** | 40 for 50-75GHz | 1.6:1** | WR-15 |
| NMS-90600-DC* | 60 to 90 GHz | 0.9dB | 1.3:1** | 35 for 60-90GHz | 1.8:1** | WR-12 |
| NMS-110750-DC* | 75 to 110 GHz | 1.1dB | 1.3:1** | 36 for 75-110GHz | 1.9:1** | WR-10 |
| NMS-1701100-DC* | 110 to 170 GHz | 1.3dB | 1.4:1** | 36 for 110-170GHz | 2:1** | WR-6.5 |
* with Downconverter
** +/-10%
Graphs
Noise Parameters
Noise Circles & Stability Regions
Noise Parameters: Minimum Noise Figure / Rn / Gamma Opt / Phase of Gamma Opt
Setup
More Product Information
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High SNR mode (up to 24 dB better signal-to-noise ratio)
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Low-noise binning mode
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Shading correction
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Defect pixel correction
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Area of interest (AOI), separate AOI for auto features
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Binning
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Decimation
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Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 24.4 dB)
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Auto exposure (39 µs to 67 s)
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Auto white balance
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Look-up table (LUT)
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Hue, saturation
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Color correction
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Local color anti-aliasing
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Reverse X/Y
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Deferred image transport
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Trigger programmable, level, single, bulk, programmable delay
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Sequence mode (changes the camera settings on the fly)
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SIS (secure image signature, time stamp for trigger, frame count etc.)
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Storable user sets
Scope of delivery
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Camera and IEEE 1394b cable (other configurations on request)
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High SNR mode (up to 24 dB better signal-to-noise ratio)
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Low-noise binning mode
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Smear reduction
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Shading correction
-
Defect pixel correction
-
Area of interest (AOI), separate AOI for auto features
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Binning
-
Decimation
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Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 24 dB)
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Auto exposure (636 µs to 67 s)
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Auto white balance
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Look-up table (LUT)
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Hue, saturation, color correction
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Reverse X
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Deferred image transport
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Trigger programmable, level, single, bulk, programmable delay
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Sequence mode (changes the camera settings on the fly)
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SIS (secure image signature, time stamp for trigger, frame count)
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Storable user sets
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Low running costs, less vibration, less noise, reduced maintenance
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Large convenient experimental access: Up to 12 line-of-sight ISO100 ports located on perimeter of plates
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CMN calibrated thermometry on MC plate
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Operation via touch panel controller: Remote operation via ethernet interface
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High spatial resolution
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IEEE 1588 PTP
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Power over Ethernet
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Defect pixel masking
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Monochrome (GT5400) and color (GT5400C) models
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Screw mount RJ45 Ethernet connector for secure operation in industrial environments
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Supports cable lengths up to 100 meters (CAT-6 recommended)
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Trigger over Ethernet Action Commands allow for a single cable solution to reduce system costs
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Comprehensive I/O functionality for simplified system integration
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Planarity adjusted (PA) EF Lens Mount (option -18) for electronic control of aperture and autofocus
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Easy camera mounting via standard M3 threads at all sides and 1/4-20 tripod mounting hole
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Defect pixel masking feature with the Defect Mask Loader tool that allows you to manage a user defined defective pixel list to match your application and optimize the life cycle of the camera.
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Easy software integration with Allied Vision's Vimba Suite and compatibility to the most popular third party image-processing libraries.
- IEC 61000-4-4 Ed.3 standard compliance.
- Pre-check function is installed. Inspection before testing is now easy.
- Normal mode test support. Taking account of field troubles is possible. (option)
- Utilize an outlet box that simplifies EUT connection. (option)
- Compared with conventional products, the size has become compact. (Approximately 67% by volume)
- Easy to understand Panel display reduces mistakes in connecting power cables.
- Software control with Windows. (option)
- Next calibration date can be notified. (Windows software only)
- Employ LCD screen with multi-language support and enhanced operability.
- Maximum output voltage of 5 kV and maximum pulse frequency of 2 MHz allow you to test above the standard test level.
- CDN capacity is increased to single phase type AC 240 V 20 A, single and three phase type to AC 600 V 63 A, supporting wider range of EUT.
- Large capacity CDN (100 A or 150 A) option available for Injection test on various EUT.
- Using coupling clamps, EMS probe kits, you can test the signal lines and evaluate the noise immunity on the PCB. (option)
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High SNR mode (up to 24 dB better signal-to-noise ratio)
-
Low-noise binning mode
-
Shading correction
-
Defect pixel correction
-
Area of interest (AOI), separate AOI for auto features
-
Binning
-
Decimation
-
Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 24.4 dB)
-
Auto exposure (42 µs to 67 s)
-
Auto white balance
-
Look-up table (LUT)
-
Hue, saturation
-
Color correction
-
Local color anti-aliasing
-
Reverse X/Y
-
Deferred image transport
-
Trigger programmable, level, single, bulk, programmable delay
-
Sequence mode (changes the camera settings on the fly)
-
SIS (secure image signature, time stamp for trigger, frame count etc.)
-
Storable user sets
Scope of delivery
-
Camera and IEEE 1394b cable (other configurations on request)
- The LL167 Series provides a focused line of illumination in a passively cooled design.
- Only available in White (for color illumination in a similar package refer to our LL137 Series).
- Provides a high intensity level of 472kLux (working distance of 75mm).
- Available in pre-engineered sizes from 6” (152mm) to 96” (2438mm) in 6″ increments.
- A 3″ (75mm) length option is also available.
- Available intensity control provides illuminance adjustability for every 6″ increment via a 0 – 10v input
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High SNR mode (up to 24 dB better signal-to-noise ratio)
-
Low-noise binning mode
-
Shading correction
-
Defect pixel correction
-
Area of interest (AOI), separate AOI for auto features
-
Binning
-
Decimation
-
Auto gain (manual gain control: 0 to 24.4 dB)
-
Auto exposure (49 µs to 67 s)
-
Auto white balance
-
Look-up table (LUT)
-
Hue, saturation
-
Color correction
-
Local color anti-aliasing
-
Reverse X/Y
-
Deferred image transport
-
Trigger programmable, level, single, bulk, programmable delay
-
Sequence mode (changes the camera settings on the fly)
-
SIS (secure image signature, time stamp for trigger, frame count etc.)
-
Storable user sets
Scope of delivery
-
Camera and IEEE 1394b cable (other configurations on request)
Focus Microwaves
Focus Microwaves is a pioneering engineering company, built around the innovations of its founder Dr. Christos Tsironis who developed his first manual tuner in 1973 and is the inventor of most existing electro-mechanical tuner families. The success of Focus is based on the engineering and manufacturing skills of its highly motivated and experienced team of engineers and technicians, who have been trained and encouraged to develop new technologies. In addition, listening to our customers needs and insights helps us discover and develop new and measurement methods on an ongoing basis, relentlessly pushing the limits of what is possible.
From humble beginnings in 1988, Focus has become the main supplier of advanced Load Pull and Noise Tuner Systems. Our mission is to provide effective, reliable and innovative solutions for non-50 Ohm testing (Noise and Load Pull) of RF microwave transistors, thus enabling our customers to compete in the marketplace with better designs and to advance the understanding and knowledge of the field.
Contact Details
Focus Microwaves Inc. Main Head Office
4555 Chem. du Bois-Franc, Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1A8, Canada
Phone: +1-514-684-4554
Test & Measurement
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